Epiklesis and Creed: On the Filioque Issue in the Context of the Liturgy

The Filioque controversy has long been a source of theological debate with liturgical implications. This study examines the interrelation between the Filioque clause, the epiclesis, and creedal practices in the Catholic tradition, from a historical and theological perspective, tracing the liturgical, doctrinal, and political implications of the controversy. The Filioque clause of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed has its roots in Western theological traditions, especially through figures like Alcuin, who asserted thereby the dominance of the Frankish Empire in the religious and secular sphere. Liturgically, the clause became a pivotal expression of faith, in Charlemagne’s reforms and the 794 Admonitio Generalis. This paper explores the theological dimensions of the Filioque, contextualized by liturgical practices and historical power dynamics, the central role of the clause in shaping liturgical identity and unity, and the differences in the Catholic and Orthodox perception of the Holy Spirit’s procession and role in the Eucharist, with implications for contemporary ecumenical dialogue. The findings call for a deeper appreciation of the liturgical and theological practices underpinning the Christian faith.