„Olyanok voltunk, mint az álmodók”: Az álom szimbolikája a 126. zsoltárban

The translation and interpretation of the opening verse of Psalm 126 (125) have long posed challenges for ancient translators and continue to fuel debates in contemporary biblical studies. The difficulty stems not only from deciphering the meaning of individual Hebrew terms but also from grappling with the grammatical structure of vv. 1a and 4a. These verses appear to allude to the end of the exile and Babylonian captivity, providing the foundation for hope for a joyful existence (vv. 2–3 and 5–6). The depiction of this pivotal moment in Israel’s history is illustrated by a striking comparison in verse 1b: “we were like dreamers.” This article aims to delve into the symbolism of the dream in Psalm 126 through the exploration of the following issues. Firstly, I will scrutinize the broader context of v. 1b, i.e., Psalm 126, focusing particularly on the translation of vv. 1a and 4a, as well as the structure of the psalm. Secondly, I will delve into the possible translations and interpretations of the unvocalized Hebrew text of verse 1b. Lastly, I will articulate an interpretation of the dreamer imagery in Psalm 126:1, contending that vv. 1a and 4a do not primarily signify the restoration of Zion’s fortunes, as commonly translated, but rather refer to YHWH’s return to those who have returned to Him in Zion. In this context, the reference to the dreamer conveys more than mere astonishment. As is common in biblical and Ancient Near Eastern literature, the dreamers denote persons who have received special revelation that certainly shows what future will come. This is the basis of the subsequent verses of the psalm, which describe the change from sorrow to joy.